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10-VLAN快速配置指南
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VLAN快速配置指南
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目 录
本案例介绍基于端口的VLAN的配置方法。
如图1所示，Host A和Host C属于部门A，但是通过不同的设备接入公司网络；Host B和Host D属于部门B，也通过不同的设备接入公司网络。为了通信的安全性，以及避免广播报文泛滥，公司网络中使用VLAN技术来隔离部门间的二层流量。其中部门A使用VLAN 100，部门B使用VLAN 200。现要求同一VLAN内的主机能够互通，即Host A和Host C能够互通，Host B和Host D能够互通。
图1 基于端口的VLAN组网图
# 创建VLAN 100，并将GigabitEthernet1/0/1加入VLAN 100
<DeviceA> system-view
[DeviceA] vlan 100
[DeviceA-vlan100] port gigabitEthernet 1/0/1
[DeviceA-vlan100] quit
# 创建VLAN 200，并将GigabitEthernet1/0/2加入VLAN 200
[DeviceA] vlan 200
[DeviceA-vlan200] port GigabitEthernet 1/0/2
[DeviceA-vlan200] quit
# 为了使Device A上VLAN 100和VLAN 200的报文能发送给Device B，将GigabitEthernet 1/0/3的链路类型配置为Trunk，并允许VLAN 100和VLAN 200的报文通过。
[DeviceA] interface gigabitEthernet 1/0/3
[DeviceA-GigabitEthernet1/0/3] port link-type trunk
[DeviceA-GigabitEthernet1/0/3] port trunk permit vlan 100 200
[DeviceA-GigabitEthernet1/0/3] quit
# 保存配置
[DeviceA] save force
# 创建VLAN 100，并将GigabitEthernet1/0/1加入VLAN 100
<DeviceB> system-view
[DeviceB] vlan 100
[DeviceB-vlan100] port gigabitEthernet 1/0/1
[DeviceB-vlan100] quit
# 创建VLAN 200，并将GigabitEthernet1/0/2加入VLAN 200
[DeviceB] vlan 200
[DeviceB-vlan200] port gigabitEthernet 1/0/2
[DeviceB-vlan200] quit
# 为了使Device B上VLAN 100和VLAN 200的报文能发送给Device A，将GigabitEthernet 1/0/3的链路类型配置为Trunk，并允许VLAN 100和VLAN 200的报文通过。
[DeviceB] interface gigabitEthernet 1/0/3
[DeviceB-GigabitEthernet1/0/3] port link-type trunk
[DeviceB-GigabitEthernet1/0/3] port trunk permit vlan 100 200
[DeviceB-GigabitEthernet1/0/3] quit
# 保存配置
[DeviceB] save force
# 将Host A和Host C配置在一个网段，例如192.168.100.0/24；将Host B和Host D配置在一个网段，比如192.168.200.0/24。
# 显示Device A上VLAN的配置信息。
<DeviceA> display vlan 100
VLAN ID: 100
VLAN type: Static
Route interface: Not configured
Description: VLAN 0100
Name: VLAN 0100
Tagged ports:
GigabitEthernet1/0/3(D)
Untagged ports:
GigabitEthernet1/0/1(D)
<DeviceA> display vlan 200
VLAN ID: 200
VLAN type: Static
Route interface: Not configured
Description: VLAN 0200
Name: VLAN 0200
Tagged ports:
GigabitEthernet1/0/3(D)
Untagged ports:
GigabitEthernet1/0/2(D)
# 显示Device B上VLAN的配置信息。
<DeviceB> display vlan 100
VLAN ID: 100
VLAN type: Static
Route interface: Not configured
Description: VLAN 0100
Name: VLAN 0100
Tagged ports:
GigabitEthernet1/0/3(D)
Untagged ports:
GigabitEthernet1/0/1(D)
<DeviceB> display vlan 200
VLAN ID: 200
VLAN type: Static
Route interface: Not configured
Description: VLAN 0200
Name: VLAN 0200
Tagged ports:
GigabitEthernet1/0/3(D)
Untagged ports:
GigabitEthernet1/0/2(D)
· Device A：
#
vlan 100
#
vlan 200
#
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/1
port link-mode bridge
port access vlan 100
#
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/2
port link-mode bridge
port access vlan 200
#
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/3
port link-mode bridge
port link-type trunk
port trunk permit vlan 1 100 200
· #Device B ：
vlan 100
#
vlan 200
#
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/1
port link-mode bridge
port access vlan 100
#
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/2
port link-mode bridge
port access vlan 200
#
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/3
port link-mode bridge
port link-type trunk
port trunk permit vlan 1 100 200
· 产品配套“二层技术-以太网交换配置指导”中的“VLAN”。
· 产品配套“二层技术-以太网交换命令参考”中的“VLAN”。
本案例介绍Super VLAN的配置方法。
如图2所示：
· VLAN 2中的用户通过Device A的GigabitEthernet1/0/1接入网络，VLAN 3中的用户通过Device A的GigabitEthernet1/0/2接入网络。VLAN 2中有30个用户，VLAN 3中有50个用户。
· Device A的GigabitEthernet1/0/3和Device B的GigabitEthernet1/0/1属于VLAN 20。
· VLAN 20中的终端用户都使用192.168.2.0/24 网段的IP地址，使用192.168.2.1作为网关地址。
现要求通过配置Super VLAN功能实现以下应用需求：
· VLAN 2和VLAN 3中的终端用户都使用192.168.1.0/24网段的IP地址以节省IP地址资源，使用192.168.1.1作为网关地址。
· VLAN 2、VLAN 3、VLAN 20中的终端用户二层隔离，三层互通。
由于Super VLAN中不能包含物理端口，由此若某VLAN中已经包含物理端口，则该VLAN不能被配置为Super VLAN。
# 创建Super VLAN 10。
<DeviceA> system-view
[DeviceA] vlan 10
[DeviceA-vlan10] supervlan
[DeviceA-vlan10] quit
# 创建VLAN 2并将端口GigabitEthernet1/0/1加入VLAN 2。
[DeviceA] vlan 2
[DeviceA-vlan2] port gigabitethernet 1/0/1
[DeviceA-vlan2] quit
# 创建VLAN 3并将端口GigabitEthernet1/0/2加入VLAN 3。
[DeviceA] vlan 3
[DeviceA-vlan3] port gigabitethernet 1/0/2
[DeviceA-vlan3] quit
# 将Super VLAN 10和Sub VLAN 2和Sub VLAN 3关联。
[DeviceA] vlan 10
[DeviceA-vlan10] subvlan 2 3
[DeviceA-vlan10] quit
# 配置Super VLAN 10对应的VLAN接口的IP地址和本地代理ARP功能。
[DeviceA] interface vlan-interface 10
[DeviceA-Vlan-interface10] ip address 192.168.1.1 24
[DeviceA-Vlan-interface10] local-proxy-arp enable
[DeviceA-Vlan-interface10] quit
# 创建VLAN 20。
[DeviceA] vlan 20
[DeviceA-vlan20] quit
# 将端口GigabitEthernet1/0/3配置为Trunk端口并允许VLAN 20通过，取消允许VLAN 1通过。
[DeviceA] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/3
[DeviceA-GigabitEthernet1/0/3] port link-type trunk
[DeviceA-GigabitEthernet1/0/3] undo port trunk permit vlan 1
[DeviceA-GigabitEthernet1/0/3] port trunk permit vlan 20
[DeviceA-GigabitEthernet1/0/3] quit
# 配置VLAN 20对应的VLAN接口的IP地址。
[DeviceA] interface Vlan-interface 20
[DeviceA-Vlan-interface20] ip address 192.168.2.1 24
[DeviceA-Vlan-interface20] quit
# 保存配置
[DeviceA] save force
# 创建VLAN 20。
[DeviceB] vlan 20
[DeviceB-vlan20] quit
# 将端口GigabitEthernet1/0/1配置为Trunk端口并允许VLAN 20通过，取消允许VLAN 1通过。
[DeviceB] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/1
[DeviceB-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] port link-type trunk
[DeviceB-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] undo port trunk permit vlan 1
[DeviceB-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] port trunk permit vlan 20
[DeviceB-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] quit
# 将端口GigabitEthernet1/0/2加入VLAN 20。
[DeviceB] vlan 20
[DeviceB-vlan20] port gigabitethernet 1/0/2
[DeviceB-vlan20] quit
# 保存配置
[DeviceB] save force
# 显示Device A上Super VLAN的配置信息。
<DeviceA> display supervlan
Super VLAN ID: 10
Sub-VLAN ID: 2-3
VLAN ID: 10
VLAN type: Static
It is a super VLAN.
Route interface: Configured
IPv4 address: 192.168.1.1
IPv4 subnet mask: 255.255.255.0
Description: VLAN 0010
Name: VLAN 0010
Tagged ports: None
Untagged ports: None
VLAN ID: 2
VLAN type: Static
It is a sub-VLAN.
Route interface: Configured
IPv4 address: 192.168.1.1
IPv4 subnet mask: 255.255.255.0
Description: VLAN 0002
Name: VLAN 0002
Tagged ports: None
Untagged ports:
GigabitEthernet1/0/1
VLAN ID: 3
VLAN type: Static
It is a sub-VLAN.
Route interface: Configured
IPv4 address: 192.168.1.1
IPv4 subnet mask: 255.255.255.0
Description: VLAN 0003
Name: VLAN 0003
Tagged ports: None
Untagged ports:
GigabitEthernet1/0/2
# 显示Device A上VLAN 20的配置信息。
<DeviceA> display vlan 20
VLAN ID: 20
VLAN type: Static
Route interface: Configured
IPv4 address: 192.168.2.1
IPv4 subnet mask: 255.255.255.0
Description: VLAN 0020
Name: VLAN 0020
Tagged ports:
GigabitEthernet1/0/3
Untagged ports: None
# 显示Device B上VLAN 20的配置信息。
<DeviceA> display vlan 20
VLAN ID: 20
VLAN type: Static
Route interface: Not configured
Description: VLAN 0020
Name: VLAN 0020
Tagged ports:
GigabitEthernet1/0/1
Untagged ports:
GigabitEthernet1/0/2
· Device A ：
#
vlan 2
#
vlan 3
#
vlan 10
supervlan
subvlan 2 3
#
vlan 20
#
interface Vlan-interface10
ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
local-proxy-arp enable
#
interface Vlan-interface20
ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
#
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/1
port link-mode bridge
port access vlan 2
#
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/2
port link-mode bridge
port access vlan 3
#
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/3
port link-mode bridge
port link-type trunk
undo port trunk permit vlan 1
port trunk permit vlan 20
· #Device B ：
#
vlan 20
#
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/1
port link-mode bridge
port link-type trunk
undo port trunk permit vlan 1
port trunk permit vlan 20
#
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/2
port link-mode bridge
port access vlan 20
#
· 产品配套“二层技术-以太网交换配置指导”中的“VLAN”。
· 产品配套“二层技术-以太网交换命令参考”中的“VLAN”。
本案例介绍Voice VLAN的配置方法。
为了保障语音数据能够优先转发，需要将语音电话和Laptop地址区分开，将语音电话地址设置成192.168.2.0网段划分到VLAN2，将Laptop地址设置成192.168.10.0网段划分到VLAN10，路由器作为DHCP服务器给语音电话和Laptop下发IP地址。
图3 Voice VLAN组网图
# 开启POE，为话机供电。
<Switch> system-view
[Switch] interface gigabitEthernet1/0/1
[Switch-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] poe enable
[Switch-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] quit
# 创建话机所属VLAN2以及PC所属VLAN10
[Switch] vlan 2
[Switch-vlan2] quit
[Switch] vlan 10
[Switch-vlan10] quit
# 设置允许通过的OUI地址为MAC地址前缀为6ca8-4900-0000，即当报文的前缀为6ca8-4900-0000时，设备会把它当成语音报文来处理
[Switch] voice-vlan mac-address 6ca8-4900-0000 mask ffff-ff00-0000 description avaya
# 将端口GigabitEthernet1/0/1设定为Hybrid端口，开启端口Voice VLAN功能
[Switch] interface gigabitEthernet 1/0/1
[Switch-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] port link-type hybrid
[Switch-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] voice-vlan 2 enable
# 设置PC所属vlan为vlan10
[Switch-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] port hybrid pvid vlan 10
[Switch-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] port hybrid vlan 10 untagged
[SWITCH-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] quit
#设备连接dhcp服务器的接口GigabitEthernet 1/0/2，允许VLAN2、LAN10通过
[Switch] interface gigabitEthernet 1/0/2
[Switch-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] port link-type trunk
[Switch-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] port trunk permit vlan 2 10
[Switch-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] quit
# 保存配置
[Switch] save force
# 创建VLAN2、VLAN10及其对应的VLAN接口，为该虚接口配置IP地址
<Router> system-view
[Router] vlan 2
[Router-vlan2] quit
[Router] vlan 10
[Router-vlan10] quit
[Router] interface Vlan-interface 2
[Router-Vlan-interface2] ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
[Router-Vlan-interface2] quit
[Router] interface Vlan-interface 10
[Router-Vlan-interface10] ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0
[Router-Vlan-interface10] quit
# 设备连接交换机的接口GigabitEthernet 1/0/1，允许VLAN2、VLAN10通过
[Router] interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/1
[Router-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] port link-type trunk
[Router-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] port trunk permit vlan 2 10
[Router-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] quit
# 开启DHCP服务。
[Router] dhcp enable
# 设置话机VLAN2的DHCP地址池
[Router] dhcp server ip-pool vlan2
[Router-dhcp-pool-vlan2] network 192.168.2.0 mask 255.255.255.0
[Router-dhcp-pool-vlan2] gateway-list 192.168.2.1
[Router-dhcp-pool-vlan2] quit
# 设置Laptop VLAN10的DHCP地址池
[Router] dhcp server ip-pool vlan10
[Router-dhcp-pool-vlan10] network 192.168.10.0 mask 255.255.255.0
[Router-dhcp-pool-vlan10] gateway-list 192.168.10.1
[Router-dhcp-pool-vlan10] dns-list 114.114.114.114
[Router-dhcp-pool-vlan10] quit
# 保存配置
[Router] save force
# 交换机上查验证结果，查看话机是否加入到VLAN2
<Switch> display mac-address
MAC Address VLAN ID STATE Port/Nickname AGING
3897-d630-676b 10 Learned GE1/0/2 Y
3897-d630-676b 2 Learned GE1/0/2 Y
6ca8-4986-6d59 2 Learned GE1/0/1 Y
0068-eb95-3683 10 Learned GE1/0/1 Y
# 查看voice vlan 配置是否生效
<Switch> display voice-vlan mac-address
Oui Address Mask Description
0003-6b00-0000 ffff-ff00-0000 Cisco phone
00e0-7500-0000 ffff-ff00-0000 Polycom phone
6ca8-4900-0000 ffff-ff00-0000 avaya
# 默认voice vlan为auto(自动模式)
<Switch> display voice-vlan state
Current Voice VLANs: 1
Voice VLAN security mode: Security
Voice VLAN aging time: 1440 minutes
Voice VLAN enabled port and its mode:
PORT VLAN MODE COS DSCP
--------------------------------------------------------------------
GE1/0/1 2 AUTO 6 46
# DHCP服务器上查看话机和PC获取IP地址
%Sep 1 09:19:59:333 2021 DHCP DHCPS/5/DHCPS_ALLOCATE_IP: DHCP server information: Server IP = 192.168.2.1, DHCP client IP = 192.168.2.2, DHCP client hardware address = 6ca8-4986-6d59, DHCP client lease = 86400.
<Router> display dhcp server ip-in-use all
Pool utilization: 0.59%
IP address Client-identifier/ Lease expiration Type
Hardware address
192.168.2.2 6ca8-4986-6d59 Aug 31 2021 09:19:59 Auto:COMMITTED
192.168.10.4 0068-eb95-3683 Aug 31 2021 09:19:42 Auto:COMMITTED
· Switch ：
#
voice-vlan mac-address 6ca8-4900-0000 mask ffff-ff00-0000 description avaya
#
vlan 2
#
vlan 10
#
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/1
port link-mode bridge
port link-type hybrid
port hybrid vlan 10 untagged
port hybrid pvid vlan 10
voice-vlan 2 enable
poe enable
#
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/2
port link-mode bridge
port link-type trunk
port trunk permit vlan 2 10
· Router ：
#
vlan 2
#
vlan 10
#
dhcp server ip-pool vlan2
gateway-list 192.168.2.1
network 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0
#
dhcp server ip-pool vlan10
gateway-list 192.168.10.1
network 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0
dns-list 114.114.114.114
#
interface Vlan-interface2
ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
#
interface Vlan-interface10
ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0
#
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/1
port link-mode bridge
port link-type trunk
port trunk permit vlan 2 10
· 产品配套“二层技术-以太网交换配置指导”中的“VLAN”。
· 产品配套“二层技术-以太网交换命令参考”中的“VLAN”。
本案例介绍Private VLAN的配置方法。
如图4所示：
· 汇聚层设备Device A为接入设备Device B分配了VLAN 10，网关接口VLAN-interface10可以和所有用户互通，以便用户可以通过Device A来访问外部网络。Device B连接的所有用户均处于同一网段10.0.0.0/24。
· Host A和B属于销售部，Host C和D属于财务部。为保证安全，需要使不同部门之间二层隔离，同部门的用户之间则可以互通。
现由于Device A不能为Device B分配更多VLAN，要求通过Private VLAN功能实现：
· Device A只需识别VLAN 10。
· Device B在Primary VLAN 10下为各部门配置不同的Secondary VLAN，使部门间二层隔离。
图4 Private VLAN典型配置举例组网图
· Private VLAN功能只需要在接入设备Device B上配置。
· 系统缺省VLAN（VLAN 1）不支持Private VLAN相关配置。
# 配置VLAN 10为Primary VLAN。
<DeviceB> system-view
[DeviceB] vlan 10
[DeviceB-vlan10] private-vlan primary
[DeviceB-vlan10] quit
# 创建Secondary VLAN 201、202。
[DeviceB] vlan 201 to 202
# 建立Primary VLAN 10和Secondary VLAN 201、202的映射关系。
[DeviceB] vlan 10
[DeviceB-vlan10] private-vlan secondary 201 to 202
[DeviceB-vlan10] quit
# 配置上行端口GigabitEthernet1/0/1在VLAN 10中工作在promiscuous模式。
[DeviceB] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/1
[DeviceB-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] port private-vlan 10 promiscuous
[DeviceB-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] quit
# 将下行端口GigabitEthernet1/0/2、GigabitEthernet1/0/3添加到VLAN 201，GigabitEthernet1/0/4、GigabitEthernet1/0/5添加到VLAN 202，并配置它们工作在host模式。
[DeviceB] interface range gigabitethernet 1/0/2 to gigabitethernet 1/0/3
[DeviceB-if-range] port access vlan 201
[DeviceB-if-range] port private-vlan host
[DeviceB-if-range] quit
[DeviceB] interface range gigabitethernet 1/0/4 to gigabitethernet 1/0/5
[DeviceB-if-range] port access vlan 202
[DeviceB-if-range] port private-vlan host
[DeviceB-if-range] quit
# 保存配置
[DeviceB] save force
# 创建VLAN 10。将接口GigabitEthernet1/0/1加入VLAN 10。
<DeviceA> system-view
[DeviceA] vlan 10
[DeviceA-vlan10] quit
[DeviceA] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/1
[DeviceA-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] port access vlan 10
[DeviceA-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] quit
# 配置网关接口VLAN-interface10。
[DeviceA] interface vlan-interface 10
[DeviceA-Vlan-interface10] ip address 10.0.0.1 24
[DeviceA-Vlan-interface10] quit
# 保存配置
[DeviceA] save force
# Device A可以ping通任意用户。查看ARP表，可以看到所有用户均属于VLAN 10。
[DeviceA] display arp
Type: S-Static D-Dynamic O-Openflow R-Rule M-Multiport I-Invalid
IP address MAC address VLAN/VSI name Interface Aging Type
10.0.0.2 0e9e-0671-0302 10 GE1/0/1 1062 D
10.0.0.3 0e9e-09f7-0402 10 GE1/0/1 1052 D
10.0.0.4 0e9e-0d94-0502 10 GE1/0/1 1164 D
10.0.0.5 0e9e-1263-0602 10 GE1/0/1 1109 D
# 显示Device B上的Private VLAN配置情况。
<DeviceB> display private-vlan
Primary VLAN ID: 10
Secondary VLAN ID: 201-202
VLAN ID: 10
VLAN type: Static
Private VLAN type: Primary
Route interface: Not configured
Description: VLAN 0010
Name: VLAN 0010
Tagged ports:
None
Untagged ports:
GigabitEthernet1/0/1(U) GigabitEthernet1/0/2(U)
GigabitEthernet1/0/3(U) GigabitEthernet1/0/4(U)
GigabitEthernet1/0/5(U)
VLAN ID: 201
VLAN type: Static
Private VLAN type: Secondary
Route interface: Not configured
Description: VLAN 0201
Name: VLAN 0201
Tagged ports:
None
Untagged ports:
GigabitEthernet1/0/1(U) GigabitEthernet1/0/2(U)
GigabitEthernet1/0/3(U)
VLAN ID: 202
VLAN type: Static
Private VLAN type: Secondary
Route interface: Not configured
Description: VLAN 0202
Name: VLAN 0202
Tagged ports:
None
Untagged ports:
GigabitEthernet1/0/1(U) GigabitEthernet1/0/4(U)
GigabitEthernet1/0/5(U)
可以看到，工作在promiscuous模式的端口GigabitEthernet1/0/1和工作在host模式的端口GigabitEthernet1/0/2～GigabitEthernet1/0/5均以Untagged方式允许VLAN报文通过。
# Host A、B之间可以互相ping通，Host C、D之间可以互相ping通。Host A、B与Host C、D之间均不能ping通。
· Device A：
#
vlan 10
#
interface Vlan-interface10
ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.0
#
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/1
port link-mode bridge
port access vlan 10
#
· Device B ：
#
vlan 10
private-vlan primary
private-vlan secondary 201 to 202
#
vlan 201 to 202
#
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/1
port link-mode bridge
port link-type hybrid
undo port hybrid vlan 1
port hybrid vlan 10 201 to 202 untagged
port hybrid pvid vlan 10
port private-vlan 10 promiscuous
#
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/2
port link-mode bridge
port link-type hybrid
undo port hybrid vlan 1
port hybrid vlan 10 201 untagged
port hybrid pvid vlan 201
port private-vlan host
#
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/3
port link-mode bridge
port link-type hybrid
undo port hybrid vlan 1
port hybrid vlan 10 201 untagged
port hybrid pvid vlan 201
port private-vlan host
#
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/4
port link-mode bridge
port link-type hybrid
undo port hybrid vlan 1
port hybrid vlan 10 202 untagged
port hybrid pvid vlan 202
port private-vlan host
#
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/5
port link-mode bridge
port link-type hybrid
undo port hybrid vlan 1
port hybrid vlan 10 202 untagged
port hybrid pvid vlan 202
port private-vlan host
#
· 产品配套“二层技术-以太网交换配置指导”中的“VLAN”。
· 产品配套“二层技术-以太网交换命令参考”中的“VLAN”。
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