关键词:IGMP、IGMP Snooping、组播VLAN、PIM、MSDP、MBGP
摘 要:本文主要介绍组播功能在具体组网中的应用配置,包括以下两种典型组网应用:域内的二、三层组播应用情况,以及域间的三层组播应用情况。
缩略语:
缩略语 | 英文全名 | 中文解释 |
AS | Autonomous System | 自治系统 |
ASM | Any-Source Multicast | 任意信源组播 |
BGP | Border Gateway Protocol | 边界网关协议 |
BSR | BootStrap Router | 自举路由器 |
C-BSR | Candidate-BSR | 候选BSR |
C-RP | Candidate-RP | 候选RP |
DR | Designated Router | 指定路由器 |
IGMP | Internet Group Management Protocol | 互联网组管理协议 |
MBGP | Multicast Border Gateway Protocol | 组播边界网关协议 |
MP-BGP | MultiProtocol Border Gateway Protocol | 多协议边界网关协议 |
MSDP | Multicast Source Discovery Protocol | 组播源发现协议 |
OSPF | Open Shortest Path First | 开放最短路径优先 |
PIM-DM | Protocol Independent Multicast-Dense Mode | 协议无关组播—密集模式 |
PIM-SM | Protocol Independent Multicast-Sparse Mode | 协议无关组播—稀疏模式 |
RP | Rendezvous Point | 汇集点 |
RPF | Reverse Path Forwarding | 逆向路径转发 |
RPT | Rendezvous Point Tree | 共享树 |
SPT | Shortest Path Tree | 最短路径树 |
SSM | Source-Specific Multicast | 指定信源组播 |
目 录
组播是指在IP网络中将数据包以尽力传送的形式发送到某个确定的节点集合,其基本思想是:源主机只发送一份数据,其目的地址为组播组地址;组播组中的所有接收者都可收到同样的数据拷贝,并且只有组播组内的主机可以接收该数据,而其它主机则不能收到。
作为一种与单播和广播并列的通信方式,组播技术能够有效地解决单点发送、多点接收的问题,从而实现了IP网络中点到多点的高效数据传送,能够节约大量网络带宽、降低网络负载。以下是对各常用组播协议的简单介绍:
IGMP是TCP/IP协议族中负责IP组播组成员管理的协议,用来在IP主机和与其直接相邻的组播路由器之间建立、维护组播组成员关系。
IGMP运行于主机和与主机直连的路由器之间,其实现的功能是双向的:一方面,主机通过IGMP通知路由器希望接收某个特定组播组的信息;另一方面,路由器通过IGMP周期性地查询局域网内的组播组成员是否处于活动状态,实现所连网段组成员关系的收集与维护。
IGMP Snooping是运行在二层设备上的组播约束机制,用于管理和控制组播组。运行IGMP Snooping的二层设备通过对收到的IGMP报文进行分析,为二层端口和组播MAC地址建立起映射关系,并根据这个映射关系转发组播数据。
在传统的组播点播方式下,当连接在二层设备上、属于不同VLAN的用户分别进行组播点播时,三层组播设备需要向该二层设备的每个VLAN分别发送一份组播数据;而当二层设备运行了组播VLAN之后,三层组播设备只需向该二层设备的组播VLAN发送一份组播数据即可,从而既避免了带宽的浪费,也减轻了三层组播设备的负担。
PIM是Protocol Independent Multicast(协议无关组播)的简称,表示可以利用静态路由或者任意单播路由协议(包括RIP、OSPF、IS-IS、BGP等)所生成的单播路由表为IP组播提供路由。组播路由与所采用的单播路由协议无关,只要能够通过单播路由协议产生相应的组播路由表项即可。
PIM借助单播路由表对组播报文进行RPF检查,以实现对组播数据的转发。根据转发机制的不同,PIM分为以下两种模式:
l PIM-DM:属于密集模式的组播路由协议,使用“推(Push)模式”传送组播数据,通常适用于组播组成员相对比较密集的小型网络;
l PIM-SM:属于稀疏模式的组播路由协议,使用“拉(Pull)模式”传送组播数据,通常适用于组播组成员分布相对分散、范围较广的大中型网络。
在基本的PIM-SM模式下,组播源只向本PIM-SM域内的RP注册,且各域的组播源信息是相互隔离的,因此RP仅知道本域内的组播源信息,只能在本域内建立组播分发树。如果能够有一种机制,使不同域内的RP共享其组播源信息,就可以实现组播数据的跨域传输。
MSDP就是为了解决多个PIM-SM域之间的互连而开发的一种域间组播解决方案,用来发现其它PIM-SM域内的组播源信息。它通过在各域的RP之间建立MSDP对等体关系,使这些RP可以共享各域内的组播源信息。
尽管MSDP是为域间组播开发的,但它在PIM-SM域内还有着一项特殊的应用——Anycast RP(任播RP)。Anycast RP是指在同一PIM-SM域内通过设置两个或多个具有相同地址的RP,并在这些RP之间建立MSDP对等体关系,以实现域内各RP之间的负载分担和冗余备份。
当组播源与接收者分布在不同的AS中时,需要跨AS建立组播转发树。应用MP-BGP协议就可以专门跨AS传输组播路由信息。BGP-4协议仅应用于单播,MP-BGP是对BGP的多协议扩展,它在现有BGP-4的基础上增强了功能,使BGP能够为包括组播路由协议在内的多种路由协议提供路由信息:
l MP-BGP可以同时为单播和组播维护路由信息,将它们储存在不同的路由表中,保持单播和组播之间路由信息相互隔离;
l 作为BGP的多协议扩展,MP-BGP可以同时支持单播和组播模式,为两种模式构建不同的网络拓扑结构;
l 原BGP-4所支持的单播路由策略和配置方法大部分都可应用于组播模式,从而可以根据路由策略为单播和组播维护不同的路由。
MP-BGP在组播上的应用简称为MBGP(组播BGP)。
利用组播技术可以方便地提供一些新的增值业务,包括在线直播、网络电视、网络电台、远程教育、远程医疗、视频会议等对带宽和数据交互的实时性要求较高的信息服务。如图1 所示,是各常用组播协议在网络中的应用场合示意图。
l 某企业的核心网内部通过OSPF协议互连,并拥有两个视频源:Source 1通过组播组G1(225.1.1.1)传送节目1,Source 2则通过组播组G2(225.2.2.2)传送节目2。要求在核心网通过使用PIM-SM协议实现视频流的组播分发,并利用Anycast RP功能实现双RP负载分担和冗余备份,提高网络可靠性。
l 该企业的接入网按部门划分为多个VLAN以方便管理,各部门内的点播者(Receiver)有不同的点播需求:Host A和Host C点播节目1,Host E点播节目2。要求在接入网通过IGMP、IGMP Snooping和组播VLAN的结合使用,使视频流按需送达各点播者,提高带宽利用率。
设备 | 接口 | IP地址 | 设备 | 接口 | IP地址 |
Source 1 | - | 10.110.1.100/24 | Source 2 | - | 10.110.3.100/24 |
Router A | Eth1/1 | 10.110.1.1/24 | Router C | Eth1/1 | 10.110.2.1/24 |
| S2/1 | 192.168.1.1/24 |
| S2/1 | 192.168.2.2/24 |
| S2/2 | 192.168.2.1/24 |
| Loop0 | 1.1.1.1/32 |
Router B | S2/1 | 192.168.1.2/24 |
| Loop1 | 10.2.2.2/32 |
| S2/2 | 192.168.3.1/24 | Router D | Eth1/1 | 10.110.3.1/24 |
| Loop0 | 1.1.1.1/32 |
| Eth1/2 | 10.110.4.1/24 |
| Loop1 | 10.1.1.1/32 |
| S2/1 | 192.168.3.2/24 |
l 在所有路由器上都配置OSPF协议,并在其各接口上使能PIM-SM协议;
l 为了避免物理接口down而导致的网络振荡,将Router B和Router C各自的Loopback1接口配置为C-BSR、Loopback0接口配置为C-RP;
l 在Router B和Router C各自的Loopback1接口之间建立MSDP对等体关系,以实现Anycast RP功能。
l 在Router C和Router D的主机侧接口上使能IGMP协议;
l 在所有交换机上划分VLAN,并在VLAN内使能IGMP Snooping,同时使能丢弃未知组播数据报文功能,以防止交换机在没有二层组播转发表项时将组播数据在VLAN内广播;
l 在Switch A上配置基于子VLAN的组播VLAN,以避免Router C将不同VLAN内点播的相同组播数据重复发至Switch A。
& 说明:
以下配置均是在实验室环境下进行的配置和验证,配置前设备的所有参数均采用出厂时的缺省配置。如果您已经对设备进行了配置,为了保证配置效果,请确认现有配置和以下配置不冲突。
本文档不严格与具体软、硬件版本对应。
# 配置OSPF协议。
<RouterA> system-view
[RouterA] ospf 1
[RouterA-ospf-1] area 0.0.0.0
[RouterA-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 10.110.1.0 0.0.0.255
[RouterA-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
[RouterA-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255
[RouterA-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] quit
[RouterA-ospf-1] quit
# 使能IP组播路由,并在各接口上使能PIM-SM。
[RouterA] multicast routing-enable
[RouterA] interface ethernet 1/1
[RouterA-Ethernet1/1] pim sm
[RouterA-Ethernet1/1] quit
[RouterA] interface serial 2/1
[RouterA-Serial2/1] pim sm
[RouterA-Serial2/1] quit
[RouterA] interface serial 2/2
[RouterA-Serial2/2] pim sm
[RouterA-Serial2/2] return
<RouterA> display current-configuration
#
sysname RouterA
#
multicast routing-enable
#
interface Ethernet1/1
port link-mode route
ip address 10.110.1.1 255.255.255.0
pim sm
#
interface Serial2/1
link-protocol ppp
ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
pim sm
#
interface Serial2/2
link-protocol ppp
ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
pim sm
#
ospf 1
area 0.0.0.0
network 10.110.1.0 0.0.0.255
network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255
#
return
# 配置OSPF协议。
<RouterB> system-view
[RouterB] ospf 1
[RouterB-ospf-1] area 0.0.0.0
[RouterB-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0
[RouterB-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 10.1.1.1 0.0.0.0
[RouterB-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
[RouterB-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255
[RouterB-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] quit
[RouterB-ospf-1] quit
# 使能IP组播路由,并在各接口上使能PIM-SM。
[RouterB] multicast routing-enable
[RouterB] interface serial 2/1
[RouterB-Serial2/1] pim sm
[RouterB-Serial2/1] quit
[RouterB] interface serial 2/2
[RouterB-Serial2/2] pim sm
[RouterB-Serial2/2] quit
[RouterB] interface loopback 0
[RouterB-LoopBack0] pim sm
[RouterB-LoopBack0] quit
[RouterB] interface loopback 1
[RouterB-LoopBack1] pim sm
[RouterB-LoopBack1] quit
# 将Loopback1接口配置为C-BSR,将Loopback0接口配置为C-RP。
[RouterB] pim
[RouterB-pim] c-bsr loopback 1
[RouterB-pim] c-rp loopback 0
[RouterB-pim] quit
# 配置MSDP对等体。
[RouterB] msdp
[RouterB-msdp] originating-rp loopback 1
[RouterB-msdp] peer 10.2.2.2 connect-interface loopback 1
[RouterB-msdp] return
<RouterB> display current-configuration
#
sysname RouterB
#
multicast routing-enable
#
interface Serial2/1
link-protocol ppp
ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0
pim sm
#
interface Serial2/2
link-protocol ppp
ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
pim sm
#
interface LoopBack0
ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
pim sm
#
interface LoopBack1
ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
pim sm
#
ospf 1
area 0.0.0.0
network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0
network 10.1.1.1 0.0.0.0
network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255
#
pim
c-bsr LoopBack1
c-rp LoopBack0
#
msdp
originating-rp LoopBack1
peer 10.2.2.2 connect-interface LoopBack1
#
return
# 配置OSPF协议。
<RouterC> system-view
[RouterC] ospf 1
[RouterC-ospf-1] area 0.0.0.0
[RouterC-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0
[RouterC-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 10.2.2.2 0.0.0.0
[RouterC-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255
[RouterC-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 10.110.2.0 0.0.0.255
[RouterC-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] quit
[RouterC-ospf-1] quit
# 使能IP组播路由,在各接口上使能PIM-SM,并在主机侧接口上使能IGMP。
[RouterC] multicast routing-enable
[RouterC] interface ethernet 1/1
[RouterC-Ethernet1/1] pim sm
[RouterC-Ethernet1/1] igmp enable
[RouterC-Ethernet1/1] quit
[RouterC] interface serial 2/1
[RouterC-Serial2/1] pim sm
[RouterC-Serial2/1] quit
[RouterC] interface loopback 0
[RouterC-LoopBack0] pim sm
[RouterC-LoopBack0] quit
[RouterC] interface loopback 1
[RouterC-LoopBack1] pim sm
[RouterC-LoopBack1] quit
# 将Loopback1接口配置为C-BSR,将Loopback0接口配置为C-RP。
[RouterC] pim
[RouterC-pim] c-bsr loopback 1
[RouterC-pim] c-rp loopback 0
[RouterC-pim] quit
# 配置MSDP对等体。
[RouterC] msdp
[RouterC-msdp] originating-rp loopback 1
[RouterC-msdp] peer 10.1.1.1 connect-interface loopback 1
[RouterC-msdp] return
<RouterC> display current-configuration
#
sysname RouterC
#
multicast routing-enable
#
interface Ethernet1/1
port link-mode route
ip address 10.110.2.1 255.255.255.0
igmp enable
pim sm
#
interface Serial2/1
link-protocol ppp
ip address 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0
pim sm
#
interface LoopBack0
ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
pim sm
#
interface LoopBack1
ip address 10.2.2.2 255.255.255.255
pim sm
#
ospf 1
area 0.0.0.0
network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0
network 10.2.2.2 0.0.0.0
network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255
network 10.110.2.0 0.0.0.255
#
pim
c-bsr LoopBack1
c-rp LoopBack0
#
msdp
originating-rp LoopBack1
peer 10.1.1.1 connect-interface LoopBack1
#
return
# 配置OSPF协议。
<RouterD> system-view
[RouterD] ospf 1
[RouterD-ospf-1] area 0.0.0.0
[RouterD-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255
[RouterD-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 10.110.3.0 0.0.0.255
[RouterD-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 10.110.4.0 0.0.0.255
[RouterD-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] quit
[RouterD-ospf-1] quit
# 使能IP组播路由,在各接口上使能PIM-SM,并在主机侧接口上使能IGMP。
[RouterD] multicast routing-enable
[RouterD] interface ethernet 1/1
[RouterD-Ethernet1/1] pim sm
[RouterD-Ethernet1/1] quit
[RouterD] interface ethernet 1/2
[RouterD-Ethernet1/2] pim sm
[RouterD-Ethernet1/2] igmp enable
[RouterD-Ethernet1/2] quit
[RouterD] interface serial 2/1
[RouterD-Serial2/1] pim sm
[RouterD-Serial2/1] quit
<RouterD> display current-configuration
#
sysname RouterD
#
multicast routing-enable
#
interface Ethernet1/1
port link-mode route
ip address 10.110.3.1 255.255.255.0
pim sm
#
interface Ethernet1/2
port link-mode route
ip address 10.110.4.1 255.255.255.0
igmp enable
pim sm
#
interface Serial2/1
link-protocol ppp
ip address 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0
pim sm
#
ospf 1
area 0.0.0.0
network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255
network 10.110.3.0 0.0.0.255
network 10.110.4.0 0.0.0.255
#
return
# 全局使能IGMP Snooping。
<SwitchA> system-view
[SwitchA] igmp-snooping
[SwitchA-igmp-snooping] quit
# 创建VLAN 10,并把端口Ethernet1/2到Ethernet1/3添加到该VLAN中。
[SwitchA] vlan 10
[SwitchA-vlan10] port ethernet 1/2 to ethernet 1/3
[SwitchA-vlan10] quit
# 创建VLAN 20,并把端口Ethernet1/4添加到该VLAN中。
[SwitchA] vlan 20
[SwitchA-vlan20] port ethernet 1/4
[SwitchA-vlan20] quit
# 创建VLAN 5,把端口Ethernet1/1添加到该VLAN中;在该VLAN内使能IGMP Snooping,并使能丢弃未知组播数据报文功能。
[SwitchA] vlan 5
[SwitchA-vlan5] port ethernet 1/1
[SwitchA-vlan5] igmp-snooping enable
[SwitchA-vlan5] igmp-snooping drop-unknown
[SwitchA-vlan5] quit
# 配置VLAN 5为组播VLAN,并把VLAN 10和VLAN 20都配置为该组播VLAN的子VLAN。
[SwitchA] multicast-vlan 5
[SwitchA-mvlan-5] subvlan 10 20
[SwitchA-mvlan-5] return
<SwitchA> display current-configuration
#
sysname SwitchA
#
igmp-snooping
#
vlan 5
igmp-snooping enable
igmp-snooping drop-unknown
#
vlan 10
#
vlan 20
#
multicast-vlan 5
subvlan 10 20
#
interface Ethernet1/1
port access vlan 5
#
interface Ethernet1/2
port access vlan 10
#
interface Ethernet1/3
port access vlan 10
#
interface Ethernet1/4
port access vlan 20
#
return
# 全局使能IGMP Snooping。
<SwitchB> system-view
[SwitchB] igmp-snooping
[SwitchB-igmp-snooping] quit
# 创建VLAN 20,把端口Ethernet1/1到Ethernet1/3添加到该VLAN中;在该VLAN内使能IGMP Snooping,并使能丢弃未知组播数据报文功能。
[SwitchB] vlan 20
[SwitchB-vlan20] port ethernet 1/1 to ethernet 1/3
[SwitchB-vlan20] igmp-snooping enable
[SwitchB-vlan20] igmp-snooping drop-unknown
[SwitchB-vlan20] return
<SwitchB> display current-configuration
#
sysname SwitchB
#
igmp-snooping
#
vlan 20
igmp-snooping enable
igmp-snooping drop-unknown
#
interface Ethernet1/1
port access vlan 20
#
interface Ethernet1/2
port access vlan 20
#
interface Ethernet1/3
port access vlan 20
#
return
# 全局使能IGMP Snooping。
<SwitchC> system-view
[SwitchC] igmp-snooping
[SwitchC-igmp-snooping] quit
# 创建VLAN 30,把端口Ethernet1/1到Ethernet1/3添加到该VLAN中;在该VLAN内使能IGMP Snooping,并使能丢弃未知组播数据报文功能。
[SwitchC] vlan 30
[SwitchC-vlan30] port ethernet 1/1 to ethernet 1/3
[SwitchC-vlan30] igmp-snooping enable
[SwitchC-vlan30] igmp-snooping drop-unknown
[SwitchC-vlan30] return
<SwitchC> display current-configuration
#
sysname SwitchC
#
igmp-snooping
#
vlan 30
igmp-snooping enable
igmp-snooping drop-unknown
#
interface Ethernet1/1
port access vlan 30
#
interface Ethernet1/2
port access vlan 30
#
interface Ethernet1/3
port access vlan 30
#
return
当如上配置完成后,Host A和Host C能够收到视频节目1,Host E能够收到视频节目2。此外,通过相应的display命令还可查看设备上的各种配置及运行效果:
# 查看Switch A上所有组播VLAN的信息。
<SwitchA> display multicast-vlan
Total 1 multicast-vlan(s)
Multicast vlan 5
subvlan list:
vlan 10 20
port list:
no port
由上可知,VLAN 5为组播VLAN,VLAN 10和VLAN 20为其子VLAN。
# 查看Switch A上IGMP Snooping组播组的信息。
<SwitchA> display igmp-snooping group
Total 3 IP Group(s).
Total 3 IP Source(s).
Total 3 MAC Group(s).
Port flags: D-Dynamic port, S-Static port, C-Copy port
Subvlan flags: R-Real VLAN, C-Copy VLAN
Vlan(id):5.
Total 1 IP Group(s).
Total 1 IP Source(s).
Total 1 MAC Group(s).
Router port(s):total 1 port.
Eth1/1 (D) ( 00:01:30 )
IP group(s):the following ip group(s) match to one mac group.
IP group address:225.1.1.1
(0.0.0.0, 225.1.1.1):
Host port(s):total 0 port.
MAC group(s):
MAC group address:0100-5e01-0101
Host port(s):total 0 port.
Vlan(id):10.
Total 1 IP Group(s).
Total 1 IP Source(s).
Total 1 MAC Group(s).
Router port(s):total 0 port.
IP group(s):the following ip group(s) match to one mac group.
IP group address:225.1.1.1
(0.0.0.0, 225.1.1.1):
Host port(s):total 1 port.
Eth1/2 (D) ( 00:03:23 )
MAC group(s):
MAC group address:0100-5e01-0101
Host port(s):total 1 port.
Eth1/2
Vlan(id):20.
Total 1 IP Group(s).
Total 1 IP Source(s).
Total 1 MAC Group(s).
Router port(s):total 0 port.
IP group(s):the following ip group(s) match to one mac group.
IP group address:225.1.1.1
(0.0.0.0, 225.1.1.1):
Host port(s):total 1 port.
Eth1/4 (D) ( 00:02:16 )
MAC group(s):
MAC group address:0100-5e01-0101
Host port(s):total 1 port.
Eth1/4
# 查看Switch C上VLAN 30内IGMP Snooping组播组的详细信息。
<SwitchC> display igmp-snooping group vlan 30 verbose
Total 1 IP Group(s).
Total 1 IP Source(s).
Total 1 MAC Group(s).
Port flags: D-Dynamic port, S-Static port, C-Copy port
Subvlan flags: R-Real VLAN, C-Copy VLAN
Vlan(id):30.
Total 1 IP Group(s).
Total 1 IP Source(s).
Total 1 MAC Group(s).
Router port(s):total 1 port.
Eth1/1 (D) ( 00:01:15 )
IP group(s):the following ip group(s) match to one mac group.
IP group address:225.2.2.2
(0.0.0.0, 225.2.2.2):
Attribute: Host Port
Host port(s):total 1 port.
Eth1/2 (D) ( 00:02:35 )
MAC group(s):
MAC group address:0100-5e02-0202
Host port(s):total 1 port.
Eth1/2
由上可知,Switch A的端口Ethernet1/2和Ethernet1/4下都有组播组G1的接收者,Switch C的端口Ethernet1/2下有组播组G2的接收者。
# 查看Router C的主机侧接口Ethernet1/1上IGMP的配置和运行情况。
<RouterC> display igmp interface ethernet 1/1
Ethernet1/1(10.110.2.1):
IGMP is enabled
Current IGMP version is 2
Value of query interval for IGMP(in seconds): 60
Value of other querier present interval for IGMP(in seconds): 125
Value of maximum query response time for IGMP(in seconds): 10
Querier for IGMP: 10.110.2.1 (this router)
Total 1 IGMP Group reported
由上可知,Router C的接口Ethernet1/1上运行了IGMPv2,并由该接口作为IGMP查询器。
# 查看Router B上MSDP对等体的简要信息。
<RouterB> display msdp brief
MSDP Peer Brief Information of VPN-Instance: public net
Configured Up Listen Connect Shutdown Down
1 1 0 0 0 0
Peer's Address State Up/Down time AS SA Count Reset Count
10.2.2.2 Up 00:10:17 ? 1 0
# 查看Router C上MSDP对等体的简要信息。
<RouterC> display msdp brief
MSDP Peer Brief Information of VPN-Instance: public net
Configured Up Listen Connect Shutdown Down
1 1 0 0 0 0
Peer's Address State Up/Down time AS SA Count Reset Count
10.1.1.1 Up 00:10:17 ? 1 0
由上可知,Router B和Router C各自的Loopback1接口之间已建立起了MSDP对等体关系。
# 查看Router B上有关组播组225.1.1.1的PIM路由表内容。
<RouterB> display pim routing-table 225.1.1.1
VPN-Instance: public net
Total 1 (*, G) entry; 1 (S, G) entry
Total matched 0 (*, G) entry; 0 (S, G) entry
# 查看Router C上有关组播组225.1.1.1的PIM路由表内容。
<RouterC> display pim routing-table 225.1.1.1
VPN-Instance: public net
Total 1 (*, G) entry; 1 (S, G) entry
Total matched 1 (*, G) entry; 1 (S, G) entry
(*, 225.1.1.1)
RP: 1.1.1.1 (local)
Protocol: pim-sm, Flag: WC
UpTime: 00:15:04
Upstream interface: Register
Upstream neighbor: NULL
RPF prime neighbor: NULL
Downstream interface(s) information:
Total number of downstreams: 1
1: Ethernet1/1
Protocol: igmp, UpTime: 00:15:04, Expires: -
(10.110.1.100, 225.1.1.1)
RP: 1.1.1.1 (local)
Protocol: pim-sm, Flag: SPT 2MSDP ACT
UpTime: 00:20:28
Upstream interface: Serial2/1
Upstream neighbor: 192.168.2.1
RPF prime neighbor: 192.168.2.1
Downstream interface(s) information:
Total number of downstreams: 1
1: Ethernet1/1
Protocol: pim-sm, UpTime: - , Expires: -
由上可知,组播组G1当前有效的RP为Router C的Loopback0接口。
l 两个ISP拥有各自的网络:AS 100和AS 200,AS内部通过OSPF协议互连。AS 200中的视频源(Source)通过组播组G(225.1.1.1)传送节目,AS 100和AS 200中都有该节目的点播者(Receiver):Host A和Host B。要求在AS内通过使用PIM-SM和IGMP协议实现视频流的组播分发和按需送达。同时根据业务需要,AS 100独自构成组播域PIM-SM 1,而AS 200则划分为两个组播域:PIM-SM 2和PIM-SM 3。
l 为了解决组播域之间、以及各AS之间组播信息的交换,要求通过配置MSDP对等体实现各PIM-SM域之间组播源信息的交换,通过配置MBGP协议实现各AS之间组播路由信息的交换。
设备 | 接口 | IP地址 | 设备 | 接口 | IP地址 |
Router A | Eth1/1 | 10.110.1.1/24 | Router D | Eth1/1 | 10.110.2.1/24 |
| S2/1 | 192.168.1.1/24 |
| S2/1 | 192.168.5.1/24 |
| S2/2 | 192.168.2.1/24 |
| POS5/1 | 192.168.4.2/24 |
| Loop0 | 1.1.1.1/32 |
| Loop0 | 4.4.4.4/32 |
Router B | S2/1 | 192.168.1.2/24 | Router E | S2/1 | 192.168.5.2/24 |
| S2/2 | 192.168.3.1/24 |
| S2/2 | 192.168.6.1/24 |
| Loop0 | 2.2.2.2/32 |
| Loop0 | 5.5.5.5/32 |
Router C | S2/1 | 192.168.2.2/24 | Router F | Eth1/1 | 10.110.3.1/24 |
| S2/2 | 192.168.3.2/24 |
| S2/1 | 192.168.6.2/24 |
| POS5/1 | 192.168.4.1/24 |
| Loop0 | 6.6.6.6/32 |
| Loop0 | 3.3.3.3/32 | Source | - | 10.110.3.100/24 |
l 在所有路由器上都配置OSPF协议,在其各接口上使能PIM-SM协议,并在Router A和Router D的主机侧接口上使能IGMP协议;
l 为了避免物理接口down而导致的网络振荡,将Router C、Router D和Router E各自的Loopback0接口配置为C-BSR和C-RP;
l 划分PIM-SM域,将Router C和Router D各自的POS5/1接口、Router D和Router E各自的Serial2/1接口配置为BSR的服务边界(即PIM-SM域的边界)。
l 在PIM-SM域的RP之间,即Router C和Router D、Router D和Router E之间分别建立MSDP对等体关系;
l 在所有相邻路由器之间建立MBGP对等体关系,即Router A、Router B和Router C两两之间、Router D和Router E之间、Router E和Router F之间分别建立IBGP/MBGP对等体关系,Router C和Router D之间则建立EBGP/MBGP对等体关系。
& 说明:
以下配置均是在实验室环境下进行的配置和验证,配置前设备的所有参数均采用出厂时的缺省配置。如果您已经对设备进行了配置,为了保证配置效果,请确认现有配置和以下配置不冲突。
本文档不严格与具体软、硬件版本对应。
# 配置OSPF协议。
<RouterA> system-view
[RouterA] ospf 1
[RouterA-ospf-1] area 0.0.0.0
[RouterA-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0
[RouterA-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 10.110.1.0 0.0.0.255
[RouterA-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
[RouterA-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255
[RouterA-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] quit
[RouterA-ospf-1] quit
# 使能IP组播路由,在各接口上使能PIM-SM,并在主机侧接口上使能IGMP。
[RouterA] multicast routing-enable
[RouterA] interface ethernet 1/1
[RouterA-Ethernet1/1] pim sm
[RouterA-Ethernet1/1] igmp enable
[RouterA-Ethernet1/1] quit
[RouterA] interface serial 2/1
[RouterA-Serial2/1] pim sm
[RouterA-Serial2/1] quit
[RouterA] interface serial 2/2
[RouterA-Serial2/2] pim sm
[RouterA-Serial2/2] quit
[RouterA] interface loopback 0
[RouterA-LoopBack0] pim sm
[RouterA-LoopBack0] quit
# 配置BGP协议和MBGP对等体,并引入直连和OSPF路由。
[RouterA] bgp 100
[RouterA-bgp] router-id 1.1.1.1
[RouterA-bgp] peer 192.168.1.2 as-number 100
[RouterA-bgp] peer 192.168.2.2 as-number 100
[RouterA-bgp] import-route direct
[RouterA-bgp] import-route ospf 1
[RouterA-bgp] ipv4-family multicast
[RouterA-bgp-af-mul] peer 192.168.1.2 enable
[RouterA-bgp-af-mul] peer 192.168.2.2 enable
[RouterA-bgp-af-mul] import-route direct
[RouterA-bgp-af-mul] import-route ospf 1
[RouterA-bgp-af-mul] return
<RouterA> display current-configuration
#
sysname RouterA
#
multicast routing-enable
#
interface Ethernet1/1
port link-mode route
ip address 10.110.1.1 255.255.255.0
igmp enable
pim sm
#
interface Serial2/1
link-protocol ppp
ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
pim sm
#
interface Serial2/2
link-protocol ppp
ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
pim sm
#
interface LoopBack0
ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
pim sm
#
bgp 100
router-id 1.1.1.1
import-route direct
import-route ospf 1
undo synchronization
peer 192.168.1.2 as-number 100
peer 192.168.2.2 as-number 100
#
ipv4-family multicast
import-route direct
import-route ospf 1
peer 192.168.1.2 enable
peer 192.168.2.2 enable
#
ospf 1
area 0.0.0.0
network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0
network 10.110.1.0 0.0.0.255
network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255
#
return
# 配置OSPF协议。
<RouterB> system-view
[RouterB] ospf 1
[RouterB-ospf-1] area 0.0.0.0
[RouterB-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0
[RouterB-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
[RouterB-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255
[RouterB-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] quit
[RouterB-ospf-1] quit
# 使能IP组播路由,并在各接口上使能PIM-SM。
[RouterB] multicast routing-enable
[RouterB] interface serial 2/1
[RouterB-Serial2/1] pim sm
[RouterB-Serial2/1] quit
[RouterB] interface serial 2/2
[RouterB-Serial2/2] pim sm
[RouterB-Serial2/2] quit
[RouterB] interface loopback 0
[RouterB-LoopBack0] pim sm
[RouterB-LoopBack0] quit
# 配置BGP协议和MBGP对等体,并引入OSPF路由。
[RouterB] bgp 100
[RouterB-bgp] router-id 2.2.2.2
[RouterB-bgp] peer 192.168.1.1 as-number 100
[RouterB-bgp] peer 192.168.3.2 as-number 100
[RouterB-bgp] import-route ospf 1
[RouterB-bgp] ipv4-family multicast
[RouterB-bgp-af-mul] peer 192.168.1.1 enable
[RouterB-bgp-af-mul] peer 192.168.3.2 enable
[RouterB-bgp-af-mul] import-route ospf 1
[RouterB-bgp-af-mul] return
<RouterB> display current-configuration
#
sysname RouterB
#
multicast routing-enable
#
interface Serial2/1
link-protocol ppp
ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0
pim sm
#
interface Serial2/2
link-protocol ppp
ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
pim sm
#
interface LoopBack0
ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255
pim sm
#
bgp 100
router-id 2.2.2.2
import-route ospf 1
undo synchronization
peer 192.168.1.1 as-number 100
peer 192.168.3.2 as-number 100
#
ipv4-family multicast
import-route ospf 1
peer 192.168.1.1 enable
peer 192.168.3.2 enable
#
ospf 1
area 0.0.0.0
network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0
network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255
#
return
# 配置OSPF协议。
<RouterC> system-view
[RouterC] ospf 1
[RouterC-ospf-1] area 0.0.0.0
[RouterC-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0
[RouterC-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255
[RouterC-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255
[RouterC-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 192.168.4.0 0.0.0.255
[RouterC-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] quit
[RouterC-ospf-1] quit
# 使能IP组播路由,并在各接口上使能PIM-SM。
[RouterC] multicast routing-enable
[RouterC] interface serial 2/1
[RouterC-Serial2/1] pim sm
[RouterC-Serial2/1] quit
[RouterC] interface serial 2/2
[RouterC-Serial2/2] pim sm
[RouterC-Serial2/2] quit
[RouterC] interface pos 5/1
[RouterC-Pos5/1] pim sm
[RouterC-Pos5/1] quit
[RouterC] interface loopback 0
[RouterC-LoopBack0] pim sm
[RouterC-LoopBack0] quit
# 配置BSR的服务边界。
[RouterC] interface pos 5/1
[RouterC-Pos5/1] pim bsr-boundary
[RouterC-Pos5/1] quit
# 将Loopback0接口配置为C-BSR和C-RP。
[RouterC] pim
[RouterC-pim] c-bsr loopback 0
[RouterC-pim] c-rp loopback 0
[RouterC-pim] quit
# 配置BGP协议和MBGP对等体,并引入OSPF路由。
[RouterC] bgp 100
[RouterC-bgp] router-id 3.3.3.3
[RouterC-bgp] peer 192.168.2.1 as-number 100
[RouterC-bgp] peer 192.168.3.1 as-number 100
[RouterC-bgp] peer 192.168.4.2 as-number 200
[RouterC-bgp] import-route ospf 1
[RouterC-bgp] ipv4-family multicast
[RouterC-bgp-af-mul] peer 192.168.2.1 enable
[RouterC-bgp-af-mul] peer 192.168.3.1 enable
[RouterC-bgp-af-mul] peer 192.168.4.2 enable
[RouterC-bgp-af-mul] import-route ospf 1
[RouterC-bgp-af-mul] quit
[RouterC-bgp] quit
# 配置MSDP对等体。
[RouterC] msdp
[RouterC-msdp] peer 192.168.4.2 connect-interface pos 5/1
[RouterC-msdp] return
<RouterC> display current-configuration
#
sysname RouterC
#
multicast routing-enable
#
interface Serial2/1
link-protocol ppp
ip address 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0
pim sm
#
interface Serial2/2
link-protocol ppp
ip address 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0
pim sm
#
interface Pos5/1
link-protocol ppp
ip address 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.0
pim bsr-boundary
pim sm
#
interface LoopBack0
ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255
pim sm
#
bgp 100
router-id 3.3.3.3
import-route ospf 1
undo synchronization
peer 192.168.2.1 as-number 100
peer 192.168.3.1 as-number 100
peer 192.168.4.2 as-number 200
#
ipv4-family multicast
import-route ospf 1
peer 192.168.1.1 enable
peer 192.168.3.1 enable
peer 192.168.4.2 enable
#
ospf 1
area 0.0.0.0
network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0
network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255
network 192.168.4.0 0.0.0.255
#
pim
c-bsr LoopBack0
c-rp LoopBack0
#
msdp
peer 192.168.4.2 connect-interface Pos5/1
#
return
# 配置OSPF协议。
<RouterD> system-view
[RouterD] ospf 1
[RouterD-ospf-1] area 0.0.0.0
[RouterD-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 4.4.4.4 0.0.0.0
[RouterD-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 10.110.2.0 0.0.0.255
[RouterD-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 192.168.4.0 0.0.0.255
[RouterD-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 192.168.5.0 0.0.0.255
[RouterD-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] quit
[RouterD-ospf-1] quit
# 使能IP组播路由,在各接口上使能PIM-SM,并在主机侧接口上使能IGMP。
[RouterD] multicast routing-enable
[RouterD] interface ethernet 1/1
[RouterD-Ethernet1/1] pim sm
[RouterD-Ethernet1/1] igmp enable
[RouterD-Ethernet1/1] quit
[RouterD] interface serial 2/1
[RouterD-Serial2/1] pim sm
[RouterD-Serial2/1] quit
[RouterD] interface pos 5/1
[RouterD-Pos5/1] pim sm
[RouterD-Pos5/1] quit
[RouterD] interface loopback 0
[RouterD-LoopBack0] pim sm
[RouterD-LoopBack0] quit
# 配置BSR的服务边界。
[RouterD] interface serial 2/1
[RouterD-Serial2/1] pim bsr-boundary
[RouterD-Serial2/1] quit
[RouterD] interface pos 5/1
[RouterD-Pos5/1] pim bsr-boundary
[RouterD-Pos5/1] quit
# 将Loopback0接口配置为C-BSR和C-RP。
[RouterD] pim
[RouterD-pim] c-bsr loopback 0
[RouterD-pim] c-rp loopback 0
[RouterD-pim] quit
# 配置BGP协议和MBGP对等体,并引入直连和OSPF路由。
[RouterD] bgp 200
[RouterD-bgp] router-id 4.4.4.4
[RouterD-bgp] peer 192.168.4.1 as-number 100
[RouterD-bgp] peer 192.168.5.2 as-number 200
[RouterD-bgp] import-route direct
[RouterD-bgp] import-route ospf 1
[RouterD-bgp] ipv4-family multicast
[RouterD-bgp-af-mul] peer 192.168.4.1 enable
[RouterD-bgp-af-mul] peer 192.168.5.2 enable
[RouterD-bgp-af-mul] import-route direct
[RouterD-bgp-af-mul] import-route ospf 1
[RouterD-bgp-af-mul] quit
[RouterD-bgp] quit
# 配置MSDP对等体。
[RouterD] msdp
[RouterD-msdp] peer 192.168.4.1 connect-interface pos 5/1
[RouterD-msdp] peer 192.168.5.2 connect-interface serial 2/1
[RouterD-msdp] return
<RouterD> display current-configuration
#
sysname RouterD
#
multicast routing-enable
#
interface Ethernet1/1
port link-mode route
ip address 10.110.2.1 255.255.255.0
igmp enable
pim sm
#
interface Serial2/1
link-protocol ppp
ip address 192.168.5.1 255.255.255.0
pim bsr-boundary
pim sm
#
interface Pos5/1
link-protocol ppp
ip address 192.168.4.2 255.255.255.0
pim bsr-boundary
pim sm
#
interface LoopBack0
ip address 4.4.4.4 255.255.255.255
pim sm
#
bgp 200
router-id 4.4.4.4
import-route direct
import-route ospf 1
undo synchronization
peer 192.168.4.1 as-number 100
peer 192.168.5.2 as-number 200
#
ipv4-family multicast
import-route direct
import-route ospf 1
peer 192.168.4.1 enable
peer 192.168.5.2 enable
#
ospf 1
area 0.0.0.0
network 4.4.4.4 0.0.0.0
network 10.110.2.0 0.0.0.255
network 192.168.4.0 0.0.0.255
network 192.168.5.0 0.0.0.255
#
pim
c-bsr LoopBack0
c-rp LoopBack0
#
msdp
peer 192.168.4.1 connect-interface Pos5/1
peer 192.168.5.2 connect-interface Serial2/1
#
return
# 配置OSPF协议。
<RouterE> system-view
[RouterE] ospf 1
[RouterE-ospf-1] area 0.0.0.0
[RouterE-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 5.5.5.5 0.0.0.0
[RouterE-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 192.168.5.0 0.0.0.255
[RouterE-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 192.168.6.0 0.0.0.255
[RouterE-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] quit
[RouterE-ospf-1] quit
# 使能IP组播路由,并在各接口上使能PIM-SM。
[RouterE] multicast routing-enable
[RouterE] interface serial 2/1
[RouterE-Serial2/1] pim sm
[RouterE-Serial2/1] quit
[RouterE] interface serial 2/2
[RouterE-Serial2/2] pim sm
[RouterE-Serial2/2] quit
[RouterE] interface loopback 0
[RouterE-LoopBack0] pim sm
[RouterE-LoopBack0] quit
# 配置BSR的服务边界。
[RouterE] interface serial 2/1
[RouterE-Serial2/1] pim bsr-boundary
[RouterE-Serial2/1] quit
# 将Loopback0接口配置为C-BSR和C-RP。
[RouterE] pim
[RouterE-pim] c-bsr loopback 0
[RouterE-pim] c-rp loopback 0
[RouterE-pim] quit
# 配置BGP协议和MBGP对等体,并引入OSPF路由。
[RouterE] bgp 200
[RouterE-bgp] router-id 5.5.5.5
[RouterE-bgp] peer 192.168.5.1 as-number 200
[RouterE-bgp] peer 192.168.6.2 as-number 200
[RouterE-bgp] import-route ospf 1
[RouterE-bgp] ipv4-family multicast
[RouterE-bgp-af-mul] peer 192.168.5.1 enable
[RouterE-bgp-af-mul] peer 192.168.6.2 enable
[RouterE-bgp-af-mul] import-route ospf 1
[RouterE-bgp-af-mul] quit
[RouterE-bgp] quit
# 配置MSDP对等体。
[RouterE] msdp
[RouterE-msdp] peer 192.168.5.1 connect-interface serial 2/1
[RouterE-msdp] return
<RouterE> display current-configuration
#
sysname RouterE
#
multicast routing-enable
#
interface Serial2/1
link-protocol ppp
ip address 192.168.5.2 255.255.255.0
pim bsr-boundary
pim sm
#
interface Serial2/2
link-protocol ppp
ip address 192.168.6.1 255.255.255.0
pim sm
#
interface LoopBack0
ip address 5.5.5.5 255.255.255.255
pim sm
#
bgp 200
router-id 5.5.5.5
import-route ospf 1
undo synchronization
peer 192.168.5.1 as-number 200
peer 192.168.6.2 as-number 200
#
ipv4-family multicast
import-route ospf 1
peer 192.168.5.1 enable
peer 192.168.6.2 enable
#
ospf 1
area 0.0.0.0
network 5.5.5.5 0.0.0.0
network 192.168.5.0 0.0.0.255
network 192.168.6.0 0.0.0.255
#
pim
c-bsr LoopBack0
c-rp LoopBack0
#
msdp
peer 192.168.5.1 connect-interface Serial2/1
#
return
# 配置OSPF协议。
<RouterF> system-view
[RouterF] ospf 1
[RouterF-ospf-1] area 0.0.0.0
[RouterF-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 6.6.6.6 0.0.0.0
[RouterF-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 10.110.3.0 0.0.0.255
[RouterF-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 192.168.6.0 0.0.0.255
[RouterF-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] quit
[RouterF-ospf-1] quit
# 使能IP组播路由,并在各接口上使能PIM-SM。
[RouterF] multicast routing-enable
[RouterF] interface ethernet 1/1
[RouterF-Ethernet1/1] pim sm
[RouterF-Ethernet1/1] quit
[RouterF] interface serial 2/1
[RouterF-Serial2/1] pim sm
[RouterF-Serial2/1] quit
[RouterF] interface loopback 0
[RouterF-LoopBack0] pim sm
[RouterF-LoopBack0] quit
# 配置BGP协议和MBGP对等体,并引入直连和OSPF路由。
[RouterF] bgp 200
[RouterF-bgp] router-id 6.6.6.6
[RouterF-bgp] peer 192.168.6.1 as-number 200
[RouterF-bgp] import-route direct
[RouterF-bgp] import-route ospf 1
[RouterF-bgp] ipv4-family multicast
[RouterF-bgp-af-mul] peer 192.168.6.1 enable
[RouterF-bgp-af-mul] import-route direct
[RouterF-bgp-af-mul] import-route ospf 1
[RouterF-bgp-af-mul] return
<RouterF> display current-configuration
#
sysname RouterF
#
multicast routing-enable
#
interface Ethernet1/1
port link-mode route
ip address 10.110.3.1 255.255.255.0
pim sm
#
interface Serial2/1
link-protocol ppp
ip address 192.168.6.2 255.255.255.0
pim sm
#
interface LoopBack0
ip address 6.6.6.6 255.255.255.255
pim sm
#
bgp 200
router-id 6.6.6.6
import-route direct
import-route ospf 1
undo synchronization
peer 192.168.6.1 as-number 200
#
ipv4-family multicast
import-route direct
import-route ospf 1
peer 192.168.6.1 enable
#
ospf 1
area 0.0.0.0
network 6.6.6.6 0.0.0.0
network 10.110.3.0 0.0.0.255
network 192.168.6.0 0.0.0.255
#
return
当如上配置完成后,Host A和Host B能够收到视频节目。此外,通过相应的display命令还可查看设备上的各种配置及运行效果:。
# 查看Router C上的MBGP对等体的信息。
<RouterC> display bgp multicast peer
BGP local router ID : 3.3.3.3
Local AS number : 100
Total number of peers : 3 Peers in established state : 3
Peer V AS MsgRcvd MsgSent OutQ PrefRcv Up/Down State
192.168.2.1 4 100 56 51 0 23 00:40:54 Established
192.168.3.1 4 100 43 39 0 15 00:35:23 Established
192.168.4.2 4 200 37 32 0 9 00:32:18 Established
# 查看Router D上的MBGP对等体的信息。
<RouterD> display bgp multicast peer
BGP local router ID : 4.4.4.4
Local AS number : 200
Total number of peers : 2 Peers in established state : 2
Peer V AS MsgRcvd MsgSent OutQ PrefRcv Up/Down State
192.168.4.1 4 100 52 46 0 21 00:38:44 Established
192.168.5.2 4 200 35 28 0 7 00:30:25 Established
由上可知,Router C分别与Router A和Router B建立起了IBGP/MBGP对等体关系,Router C和Router D之间建立起了EBGP/MBGP对等体关系,Router D与Router E建立起了IBGP/MBGP对等体关系。
# 查看Router D上MSDP对等体的简要信息。
<RouterD> display msdp brief
MSDP Peer Brief Information of VPN-Instance: public net
Configured Up Listen Connect Shutdown Down
2 2 0 0 0 0
Peer's Address State Up/Down time AS SA Count Reset Count
192.168.4.1 Up 00:08:23 100 7 0
192.168.5.2 Up 00:10:17 200 9 0
由上可知,Router D分别与Router C和Router E建立起了MSDP对等体关系。
l RFC 2236:Internet Group Management Protocol, Version 2
l RFC 4541:Considerations for Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) and Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) Snooping Switches
l RFC 4601:Protocol Independent Multicast-Sparse Mode (PIM-SM): Protocol Specification (Revised)
l RFC 3973:Protocol Independent Multicast-Dense Mode (PIM-DM): Protocol Specification (Revised)
l RFC 5059:Bootstrap Router (BSR) Mechanism for Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM)
l RFC 3618:Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP)
l RFC 3446:Anycast Rendevous Point (RP) mechanism using Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) and Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP)
l RFC 2858:Multiprotocol Extensions for BGP-4
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